The Thirty years war was made up of many different wars, to understand it better I will be grouping them into 4 phases. These include the Bohemian Phase, the Danish Phase, The Swedish Phase and the French Phase. The Bohemian Phase was the start of the 30 Years war. The majority of the citizens from the Bohemian Kingdom were Protestants. Hapsburg had therefor granted the Protestants toleration through a letter of majesty. Ferdinand II, a very devoted catholic, had taken over as the ruler of the Bohemian Kingdom and revoked his predecessors letter of majesty. This led to the defenestration of Prague as the Emperor had sent messengers to talk to the Protestants. This annoyed them and they threw the messengers out of the window, 70ft to the ground. Ferdinand the second didn't approve of their behaviour and confronted them in the Battle of White mountain, which was a decisive Catholic victory. The Danish Phase was made up of Christian IV, the Lutheran King of Denmark, wanting to help the Protestants in the Holy Roman Empire as he owned several parts of Land. He was quickly defeated by Albrecht von Wallenstein, the military leader of the Bohemian Kingdom, and retreated back to Denmark. Lastly the Swedish and French Phase was where everything changed. Gustav Adolf, the Lutheran King of Sweden had gotten involved. He was also known as the father of modern warfare, due to being one of the first people to ever use mobile artillery in a war. He fought in the battle of Breitenfield being funded by the French, who were Catholics. For Cardinal Richelieu it wasn't about religion anymore, it was about politics as he wasn't only a churchman but also the first minister of France. The balance of power worried him and Cardinal Richelieu had to think of who to support to have an advantage in the war, which led them to funding the Swedes in war against the Holy Roman Empire. Gustaf Adolf then dies in battle, which led the Swedish to give up their leadership and start financing the French in War instead.